Filling in the Gaps: Remembering the 1965 Killings in Indonesia

After more than fifty years, Indonesia remains muted in its acknowledgement of the killings and disappearances of nearly one million suspected leftists in the anti-Communist pogroms of 1965. While the downfall of Indonesian strongman Suharto had opened up a larger space for democracy, the Indonesian state remains reticent in facing accusations of mass human rights violations that have taken place during his rule. Although many former dissidents and political detainees have come forward with their stories in an effort to “straighten  istory,” they continue to face harassment from right wing groups as well as the state’s intelligence apparatus. Nevertheless, with the advent of the Internet, human rights activists as well as historical “revisionists” have begun to use the cyber sphere as way to fill in the “gaps” in terms of Indonesia’s narrative concerning the killings of 1965. This paper investigates the dynamics behind the use of this medium in transmitting this dark episode to a younger generation of Indonesians. It looks specifically at Ingat 1965, a website that utilizes “private memory” as a way to “resist” as well as reinvent the narrative, which has so long been dominated by the state. This paper also includes an investigation into how Indonesia is beginning to deal with its past

Straightening History

In the aftermath of the attempted 1965 coup, many dissidents, leftists, and suspected Communists were either ‘eradicated’ or incarcerated in prisons all over Indonesia. Since their release, these political prisoners continue to face state-enforced discrimination and stigmatisation. The marginalization of ex-political prisoners by both the state and local communities has continued through Indonesia’s democratic transition following President Suharto’s downfall in 1998. This is compounded by the presence of right-wing groups who continue to harass them, labelling them as neo-Communists inimical to the Indonesian body politic. Through direct engagement with former political prisoners, I aim to understand rehabilitative efforts through support groups. In preliminary interviews, many eks-tapol refer to the need to ‘straighten’ history. This discourse highlights their need to be recognized as ‘whole’ citizens of Indonesia. I explore the state’s struggle to address this dark chapter in Indonesian history, what it means to ‘straighten’ history and how eks-tapol engage with support groups to re-define their position within the community, denoting a strengthened sense of dignity and humanity. It is hoped that this research will contribute to efforts to understand and protect the rights of eks-tapol and other victims of political persecution in Southeast Asia

Secure Multi-Party Approved Information Sharing

The technology generally relates to a plurality of users jointly and securely storing and accessing information stored in a database. The database may be a shared database in which information owners store information. Access to at least some of the information in the shared database may be granted in response to a request specifying what information is being requested. The request may be forwarded to the pertinent information owners for approval. The information owners may provide approval using multi-factor authentication (MFA). After receiving approval from the information owners, the user making the request may be granted access to the information

The State and Unseen Realms: State Ideology, History and Memory in Indonesia

[[abstract]]More than a decade after the fall of Suharto, Indonesia’s democracy continues to flourish. However as it struggles with ethnic violence and Islamic fundamentalism, is there a possibility that it will return to authoritarianism? Has it been able shake off its anti-democratic past, exorcising its authoritarian ‘ghosts’? My paper is an investigation into the historical development of the many ideologies that have dotted the Indonesian landscape. I posit that despite Indonesia’s recent ascent into the pantheon of democratic nations, many of its past intellectual and ideological streams continue to inhabit public life. Therefore my paper will involve a discursive analysis of concepts, investigating the role played by the state ideology of pancasila and negara integralis from the birth of the republic til the 1999 referendum which paved the way for East Timor’s independence. I will also analyse the role played by Indonesian academics and intellectuals as the keepers and framers of an Indonesian ‘nation’ throughout the New Order years. Using Hannah Arendt’s concept of the ‘social’, I will show how the Indonesian state attempted to manipulate the populace into becoming ‘a floating mass’ thus allowing instances of human rights violations throughout the Indonesian archipelago. However, despite the organic nature of the New Order regime, Indonesia’s nascent democracy has given space for narratives to arise out of a space, which was heretofore banished, to a ‘silenced’ realm. What are the dynamics behind the rise of these voices? What connection do these narratives have with literature, film and the plight of those whom had suffered from human rights violations in the past? This research also aims to show the struggle which these voices have undergone in order to mold and shape a ‘different’ kind of space/realm in asserting their existence under the glare of the New Order’s control. This research aims understand the historical and ideological underpinnings of Indonesia’s authoritarian past and to analyse how resistance is engendered through the narratives which are gaining strength in the archipelagic nation. Though looking specifically at Indonesia, there are lessons to be learnt here for all nation within the Southeast Asian region as each attempts to come to terms with their past

Hubungan Iklim Organisasi Sekolah dengan Burnout Guru Sekolah Menengah

Artikel ini bertujuan untuk mengenal pasti tahap iklim organisasi sekolah dan tahap burnout guru serta hubungan iklim organisasi sekolah dengan burnout guru dalam kalangan guru sekolah menengah di daerah Subis, Sarawak. Kajian in adalah bersifat kuantitatif yang mendadaptasi dan menyesuaikan soal selidik Organisational Climate Index (OCI) dan Maslach Burnout Index (MBI) mengikut konteks kajian. Sampel kajian terdiri daripada 167 orang guru yang telah dipilih dengan menggunakan pensampelan rawak berstrata daripada 5 buah sekolah menengah di daerah Subis. Perisian SPSS versi 26 digunakan untuk menganalisis data dengan statistik deskriptif dan inferensi. Hasil kajian menunjukkan bahawa tahap iklim organisasi sekolah berada pada tahap yang sederhana (min= 2.58, SP=.379). Tahap burnout guru dalam kalangan guru sekolah menengah berada pada tahap sederhana rendah (min= 2.61, SP=.466). Analisis korelasi pearson yang menjelaskan hubungan iklim organisasi sekolah dengan burnout guru sekolah menengah daerah Subis pula mencatatkan korelasi yang tidak signifikan (r=.053) pada tahap sangat rendah. Analisis regresi berganda stepwise mendapati tiada dimensi iklim organisasi sekolah yang meramalkan tahap burnout [F (4, 162) = 0.689, p<0.05]. Dapatan daripada kajian ini menunjukkan bahawa iklim organisasi sekolah adalah kurang terbuka kerana pihak pentadbiran sekolah kurang memberi dan mendapat maklum balas daripada pihak ibu bapa dan pihak luar. Kajian lapangan perlu merangkumi aspek iklim sekolah yang lain seperti penglibatan murid, komitmen guru dan efikasi kendiri guru. Iklim organisasi sekolah yang rendah memberikan implikasi terhadap pengetua untuk meningkatkan akauntabiliti dan ketelusan kepada pihak ibu bapa serta bersikap terbuka untuk menerima pandangan daripada pihak lain

Third party funding for arbitration in Malaysia

It is submitted that currently arbitration cost is no longer inexpensive. The School of International Arbitration, Queen Mary University of London, had in 2015 carried an international arbitration survey that showed „cost‟ is the worst feature of arbitration. As such, some claimants or respondents are unwilling to participate in arbitration unless there is likelihood of success or option to mitigate the financial risks. The current trend is that the third parties help to fund claimants or respondents their arbitration costs. Although initially third party funding is practised in litigation, there is now a growing tendency to expand its scope into arbitration. Generally such funding involves an agreement between the claimant or the respondent and the funder whereby the funder agrees to fund the arbitration proceeding in return for a share of the remedies recovered therefrom. The legal position of this practice is that it is illegal under the common law doctrine of champerty and maintenance. It appears that the tendency to tolerate third party funding in dispute resolution system is unavoidable and irresistible; as such there are jurisdictions such as the United Kingdom, Australia and Singapore that have legalised third party funding by making changes to their laws. It is submitted that the practice is still illegal in Malaysia. Thus, the objective of this research is to identify a framework to legalise third party funding in Malaysian arbitration process. The method used in carrying this research is by examining the approaches taken by those countries, mainly the United Kingdom, Australia, Singapore and Hong Kong that have legalised third party funding. The finding of the examination of the approaches, it is found that there are four steps in legalising third party funding: firstly is to pass a statute that abolishes the civil liability and tortious of maintenance and champerty principle; secondly is to develop mandatory rules and practices for arbitration practitioners; thirdly, to legalise third party funding agreements, and fourthly is to build up statutory provisions that regulate third party funding practice in arbitration. It is suggested that Singapore‟s framework is just simple and clear to be emulated. In conclusion, this study established a general framework to legalise third party funding for arbitration under this rapid changing environment, and a legal reform is an essential

Dreams of Another World: A Review of Por Heong Hong and Victor Chin’s Five Tigers

[[abstract]]When entering a home objects such pictures, photographs, memorabilia often reveal ‘traces’ of a person, made up of his or her past. As a reflection of the owner, these objects project not only what has passed but what could have been, bearing on the possibilities of paths chosen or unchosen. If we were to enlarge this house, expand it to a grander scale to mimic that of a nation, we could then perhaps think about how these objects could then be placed into documents, archives and museums to showcase the importance of the past to the present as well as the future of any particular nation. But as many scholars would point out—the case being made most effectively by Haitian historian, Michel R. Trouillot—history is made of several layers, with some being made more apparent and visible than others. History in other words is malleable and therefore can be made to serve certain interests through emphasis or by silencing certain events.2 As such the struggle over the soul of a nation often lies in the tension between revelation and oblivion.[[notice]]補正完